Internet Access Services:
Status as of December 31, 2015
Industry Analysis and Technology Division
Wireline Competition Bureau
November 2016
This report is available for reference in the FCC’s Reference Information Center, Courtyard Level, 445 12th
Street, SW, Washington, DC. Copies may be purchased by contacting Best Copy and Printing, Inc., 445 12th
Street, SW, Room CY-B402, Washington, DC 20554, telephone (800) 378-3160, or via their website at
www.bcpiweb.com. The report can also be downloaded from the Internet Access Services Reports webpage
at https://www.fcc.gov/general/iatd-data-statistical-reports.
Table of Contents
SECTION 1: OVERVIEW & HIGHLIGHTS .....................................................................1
Introduction ..............................................................................................................................1
Total Connections ....................................................................................................................2
Figure 1 Fixed and Mobile Connections by Speed 2011-2015 .....................................2
Connections by Speed ..............................................................................................................3
Figure 2(a) Distribution of Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed.............................3
Figure 2(b) Distribution of Fixed Connections by Upstream Speed .................................4
Figure 3 Fixed Connections by Speed: 2011-2015 .......................................................5
Number of Providers by Census Block ..................................................................................6
Figure 4 Percentages of Developed Census Blocks in which Providers
Report Deployment of Residential Fixed Broadband .....................................6
Internet Access Subscribership ..............................................................................................7
Figure 5 Fixed Connections 2000-2015 ........................................................................7
Other Report Highlights..........................................................................................................8
SECTION 2: SUMMARY STATISTICS - THE NATION ..............................................10
SECTION 3: SUMMARY STATISTICS - THE STATES ...............................................28
SECTION 4: SUMMARY STATISTICS - COUNTIES AND CENSUS TRACTS .......38
SECTION 5: CORRELATION RESULTS - DEMOGRAPHIC MEASURES ..............48
Technical Notes ......................................................................................................................56
Glossary ..................................................................................................................................59
SECTION 1: OVERVIEW & HIGHLIGHTS
Introduction
This report summarizes information about Internet access connections in the United States as of
December 31, 2015 as collected by FCC Form 477. For purposes of this report, Internet access
connections are those in service, over 200 kilobits per second (kbps) in at least one direction, and reported
to the FCC through Form 477.
1
The report includes data on total and residential Internet access connections by downstream and upstream
speed, by technology, by geography, and over time. Section 2 of the report presents nationwide statistics,
Section 3 provides state-level data, and Section 4 includes data on the subscribership differences among
counties and census tracts.
2
In addition, Section 5 of the report includes an analysis of the correlations
between subscribership ratios and various demographic measures.
3
Maps depicting the number of fixed
connections per 1,000 households by census tract and the number of fixed providers by census block are
available online at
https://www.fcc.gov/reports-research/reports/internet-access-services-reports/internet-
access-services-reports.
1
See the Technical Notes and Glossary at the end of this report for more-detailed information about the Form 477
data collection and the meaning of terms used in this report. Note that the Form 477 data for the June 30, 2014
filing period were not subject to typical quality checks. See High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of
December 31, 2014 (March 2016) at 2, available at
https://apps.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DOC-
338630A1.pdf. In addition, the figures on mobile broadband subscribership by speed tier (formerly Figures 4(a),
4(b), and 12) have been removed to maintain firm confidentiality.
2
The Commission began collecting census tract-level data for data as of December 31, 2008. See High-Speed
Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31, 2008 (February 2010) (December 2008 High-Speed Report)
at 1-4, available at http://www.fcc.gov/encyclopedia/high-speed-services-internet-access-reports
.
3
Publicly-available data that are too voluminous to include in this report are available online at
https://www.fcc.gov/general/fcc-form-477-additional-data
.
1
Total Connections
• As shown in Figure 1, the total number of Internet connections increased by 11% between
December 2014 and December 2015 to 355 million.
• Most of the growth in total Internet connections is attributable to increased mobile Internet access
subscribership. The number of mobile Internet connections increased 13% year-over-year to 253
million in December 2015, while the number of fixed connections grew to 102 million – up 4%
from December 2014.
Figure 1
Fixed and Mobile Connections 2012-2015
Connections include both residential and business connections.
Some previously-published data may have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals elsewhere in this report due to rounding.
The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes).
* The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes).
Fixed
Mobile
170.1
92.5
262.6
190.7
94.0
284.7
197.4
96.0
293.4
215.3
96.0
311.3
223.5
97.8
321.3
242.0
100.1
342.1
253.0
102.2
355.2
Connections in Millions
0
100
200
300
400
Dec
2012
Jun
2013
Dec
2013
Jun
2014*
Dec
2014
Jun
2015
Dec
2015
2
Connections by Speed
Fixed connections – downstream speeds. Figure 2(a) illustrates how the 102 million fixed connections
reported for December 2015 were distributed across the five groups of downstream speeds defined by
breakpoints at 3 Mbps, 10 Mbps, 25 Mbps, and 100 Mbps.
• In December 2015, 6% of fixed connections (or 6 million connections) were slower than 3 Mbps
downstream, 16% (or 17 million connections) were at least 3 Mbps downstream but slower than
10 Mbps, 25% (or 25 million connections) were at least 10 Mbps downstream but slower than 25
Mbps, 38% (or 39 million connections) were at least 25 Mbps downstream but slower than 100
Mbps, and 15% (or 15 million connections) were at least 100 Mbps.
4
4
See Figure 9.
Figure 2(a)
Distribution of Fixed Connections (102.2 million) by Downstream Speed
as of December 31, 2015
Downstream Speed Less than 3 Mbps (5.8 million)
At least 3 Mbps & less than 10 Mbps (16.6 million)
At least 10 Mbps & less than 25 Mbps (25.1 million)
At least 25 Mbps & less than 100 Mbps (39.3 million)
At least 100 Mbps (15.4 million)
5.6%
16.2%
24.6%
38.4%
15.1%
3
Fixed connections – upstream speeds. Figure 2(b) illustrates how the 102 million fixed connections
reported for December 2015 were distributed across the four groups of upstream speeds defined by
breakpoints at 1 Mbps, 3 Mbps, and 6 Mbps.
• In December 2015, 16% of fixed connections (or 16 million connections) were slower than 1
Mbps upstream, 27% (or 27 million connections) were at least 1 Mbps upstream but slower than
3 Mbps, 29% (or 30 million connections) were at least 3 Mbps upstream but slower than 6 Mbps,
and 28% (or 29 million connections) were at least 6 Mbps upstream.
5
Fixed connections by downstream speed over time. Figure 3 illustrates how the composition of total fixed
Internet connections by different speed groups has changed from 2012 to 2015.
5
Ibid.
Figure 2(b)
Distribution of Fixed Connections (102.2 million) by Upstream Speed
as of December 31, 2015
Upstream Speed Less than 1 Mbps (16.0 million)
At least 1 Mbps & less than 3 Mbps (27.2 million)
At least 3 Mbps & less than 6 Mbps (30.1 million)
At least 6 Mbps (29.0 million)
15.6%
26.6%
29.4%
28.3%
4
• The percentage of fixed connections with a downstream speed of at least 25 Mbps has grown
from 13% (or 12 million connections) in December 2012 to 54% (or 55 million connections) in
December 2015. Over the same period, the percentage of fixed connections with slower
downstream speeds of less than 3 Mbps has decreased from 21% (or 19 million connections) in
December 2012 to 6% (or 6 million connections) in December 2015.
6
6
See Figure 24.
Figure 3
Fixed Connections by Speed 2012-2015
Connections include both residential and business connections.
Some previously-published data may have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals elsewhere in this report due to rounding.
The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes).
* The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes).
At least 100 Mbps
At least 25 Mbps and less than 100 Mbps
At least 10 Mbps and less than 25 Mbps
At least 3 Mbps and less than 10 Mbps
Less than 3 Mbps
19.3
22.1
39.1
11.8
92.5
17.2
22.0
32.1
22.3
94.0
10.0
21.8
33.0
30.4
96.0
9.1
20.2
29.9
31.9
4.8
96.0
8.1
18.8
27.4
34.0
9.5
97.8
6.5
18.0
25.8
37.5
12.3
100.1
5.8
16.6
25.1
39.3
15.4
102.2
Connections in Millions
0
25
50
75
100
Dec
2012
Jun
2013
Dec
2013
Jun
2014*
Dec
2014
Jun
2015
Dec
2015
5
Number of Providers by Census Block
In Figure 4, we show the percentage of “developed” census blocks – blocks that contain housing units –
with zero, one, two, or three or more fixed broadband providers offering residential Internet access
service at different speeds in December 2015. This information is taken from the block-level Form 477
fixed broadband deployment data that the Commission began collecting in 2014. A provider that reports
offering service in a particular census block may not offer service, or service at that speed, to all locations
in the census block. Accordingly, the number of providers shown in Figure 4 does not necessarily reflect
the number of choices available to a particular household and does not purport to measure competition.
Figure 4
Percentages of Developed Census Blocks in which Providers Reported the Deployment of
Residential Fixed Broadband as of December 31, 2015
census.
Column figures may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Developed census blocks are those with housing units based on the 2010
in 99.1% of developed census blocks
* Satellite service providers report offering Internet access at bandwidths of at least 10 Mbps downstream and 1 Mbps upstream
0 Providers 1 Provider 2 Providers 3+ Providers
5
17
78
9
24
66
29
47
20
4
53
36
10
Percentage of Census Blocks with Housing Units
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
At least 3 Mbps
downstream and at least
768 kbps upstream*
At least 10 Mbps
downstream and at least
1 Mbps upstream*
At least 25 Mbps
downstream and at least
3 Mbps upstream
At least 100 Mbps
downstream and at least
10 Mbps upstream
6
Internet Access Subscribership
Figure 5 illustrates the number of total and residential fixed Internet access connections (connections over
200 kbps in at least one direction except mobile wireless connections), as well as the number of total
fixed connections per 100 persons and the number of residential fixed connections per 100 households,
since 2001.
7
Figure 5
Fixed Connections 2001-2015
(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)
• Between December 2005 and December 2015, total (business and residential) fixed connections
grew from 48 million connections to 102 million connections – at a compound annual growth rate
of 8% per year.
8
7
For data through December 2004, only those providers with at least 250 connections in a state were required to
report. Historical fixed-location connection counts not included in this report may be found in June 2008 High-
Speed Report at Tables 1 and 3, available in Excel format at
https://www.fcc.gov/general/reports-high-speed-
services-internet-access.
8
The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is a smoothed rate of growth calculated in three steps. First, divide the
ending value by the beginning value. Second, raise the result of that division to a power equal to one divided by the
number of years in the period (in this case, 10 years, so the power is 1/10). Third, subtract the number one from the
result of the second step.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
110,000
Connections per 100 Units
Connections in Thousands
Residential Fixed Connections (left axis) Total Fixed Connections (left axis)
Residential Fixed Connections per 100 Households (right axis) Total Fixed Connections per 100 Population (right axis)
7
• Over the same ten-year period, residential fixed connections grew from 44 million connections to
93 million connections – also at a compound annual growth rate of 8% per year.
• From June 2005 to June 2015, the number of residential fixed connections per 100 U.S.
households increased from 33 to 72.
9
Other Report Highlights
Average speeds
• The median downstream speed of all reported fixed connections was 25 Mbps and the median
upstream speed was 4 Mbps. For residential fixed connections, the median downstream speed
was 25 Mbps and the median upstream speed was 5 Mbps.
Residential connections
• Residential fixed Internet access connections increased by about 5% between December 2014 and
December 2015, to 93 million. See Figure 7.
• Residential (non-business) mobile wireless Internet access connections on mobile devices with
data plans for full Internet access increased by 14%, to 210 million, between December 2014 and
December 2015. See Figure 7.
• Approximately 77% of residential fixed connections had a speed of at least 10 Mbps downstream
and 1 Mbps upstream in December 2015, while 55% had a speed of at least 25 Mbps downstream
and 3 Mbps upstream. Sixteen percent of all residential fixed connections had a downstream
speed of at least 100 Mbps. See Figures 10 and 27.
• As a national average in December 2015, there were 61 residential fixed connections with speeds
of at least 10 Mbps downstream and 1 Mbps upstream per 100 households.
10
See Figure 32.
9
We calculate residential fixed connections per 100 households using, in the denominator, U.S. household estimates
from the Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey (CPS) for July of each year and, for Puerto Rico and the other
inhabited island areas, Census 2010 households for 2010 and later years and Census 2000 households for the earlier
years. (The CPS also estimates U.S. households for March and November of each year.) Figure 5 also shows total
(business and residential) fixed connections per 100 population, which we calculate using U.S. Census Bureau
population estimates for the United States and Puerto Rico – which are as of July 1 each year – and, for the
remaining inhabited island areas, Census 2010 population for 2010 and later years and Census 2000 population for
the earlier years. This statistic incorporates connections to business locations into a comparison to persons. (We
note that the ratio of accurately-measured residential fixed connections to population has a maximum value for any
given country and point in time – the value when every household is connected – if we assume that no household
would have more than one fixed connection to its premises. For the United States in June, for example, the
maximum value would be 39 because there were about 127 million households in the United States and inhabited
insular areas and a population of about 325 million according to the sources used for Figure 5.)
10
Increases over time in the ratio of residential fixed connections to households indicate that increasing shares of
households are connected at home. The ratio is somewhat different from the “take rate” of offered service (which
may also be called an “adoption rate”) because some households may be located in areas where no fixed-location
service is offered. These methodological differences are discussed in greater detail in Inquiry Concerning the
Deployment of Advanced Telecommunications Capability to All Americans in a Reasonable and Timely Fashion,
and Possible Steps to Accelerate Such Deployment Pursuant to Section 706 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996,
8
Census tract and county shares of households with reportable connections
• We estimate the share of households with fixed Internet access connections in individual census
tracts and counties as of December 31, 2015.
11
We continue to observe substantial variation
among these estimates. See Figures 37 and 39.
Household subscribership rates and demographics
• The report includes charts that illustrate correlations between household subscribership rates and
demographic measures. We update charts based on income, household density, education, age,
and race. The data indicate that some demographic variables are correlated with Internet access
subscribership rates. See Figures 44-50.
Amended by the Broadband Data Improvement Act, GN Docket No.11-121, Eighth Broadband Progress Report, 27
FCC Rcd 10342, 10386, para. 94 (2012).
11
For both census tracts and counties, we continue to find estimates above 100% for the share of households with
fixed Internet access connections. See p. 57 for more information.
9
SECTION 2
SUMMARY STATISTICS: THE NATION
Table of Contents
Figure 6 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2011-2015 .......................... 12
Figure 7 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One
Direction 2011-2015 ................................................................................................ 12
Figure 8 Residential Fixed Connections by Speed 2012-2015 .............................................. 13
Figure 9 Distribution of Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One
Direction as of December 31, 2015 ......................................................................... 14
Figure 10 Distribution of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least
One Direction as of December 31, 2015 ................................................................. 15
Figure 11 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology
2011-2015 ................................................................................................................ 16
Figure 12 Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2015 ........................................... 16
Figure 13 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology
2011-2015 ................................................................................................................ 17
Figure 14 Residential Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2015 ........................ 17
Figure 15 Fixed Connections at Least 3 Mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by
Technology 2011-2015 ............................................................................................ 18
Figure 16 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 3 Mbps Downstream and 768 kbps
Upstream by Technology 2011-2015 ...................................................................... 18
Figure 17 Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream by
Technology 2014-2015 ............................................................................................ 19
Figure 18 Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream by
Technology as of December 31, 2015 ..................................................................... 19
Figure 19 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps
Upstream by Technology ......................................................................................... 20
Figure 20 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps
Upstream by Technology as of December 31, 2015 ................................................ 20
Figure 21 Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by
Technology 2014-2015 ............................................................................................ 21
Figure 22 Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by
Technology as of December 31, 2015 ..................................................................... 21
Figure 23 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream
by Technology 2014-2015 ....................................................................................... 22
Figure 24 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream
by Technology as of December 31, 2015 ................................................................ 22
Figure 25 Resi
dential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by
Technology 2011-2015 (Shares of Selected Technologies) .................................... 23
10
Figure 26 Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by
Technology 2011-2015 (Net Adds for Selected Technologies) .............................. 23
Figure 27 Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2015
(Shares of Selected Technologies for Selected Speeds) ......................................... 24
Figure 28 Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed Tier and Technology as of
December 31, 2015 ................................................................................................. 25
Figure 29 Residential Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed Tier and Technology as of
December 31, 2015 ................................................................................................. 26
Figure 30 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One
Direction by Technology 2011-2015 ...................................................................... 27
Figure 31 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One
Direction - Selected Technologies 2011-2015 ....................................................... 27
11
Figure 6
Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2011-2015
(In thousands)
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Technology
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun*
Dec
Jun
Dec
Total
230,201
243,359
262,564
284,692
293,397
311,284
321,305
342,096
355,212
Total Fixed
88,317
89,945
92,511
93,986
96,032
95,998
97,810
100,134
102,194
Mobile Wireless
141,883
153,414
170,053
190,706
197,365
215,286
223,495
241,962
253,017
Figure 7
Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2011-2015
(In thousands)
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Technology
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun*
Dec
Jun
Dec
Total
186,516
196,665
215,817
235,273
246,797
264,343
273,950
292,279
303,653
Total Fixed
80,706
82,217
84,392
85,277
87,599
87,360
89,196
91,419
93,428
Mobile Wireless
105,810
114,448
131,425
149,996
159,197
176,983
184,754
200,859
210,224
* The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes).
The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). Some previously-published
data may have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals elsewhere in this report due to rounding.
12
Figure 8
Residential Fixed Connections by Speed 2012-2015
previously-published data may have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals elsewhere in this report due to rounding.
The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). Some
* The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes).
At least 100 Mbps
At least 25 Mbps and less than 100 Mbps
At least 10 Mbps and less than 25 Mbps
At least 3 Mbps and less than 10 Mbps
Less than 3 Mbps
17.0
19.2
36.9
11.2
84.4
14.9
19.1
29.8
21.3
85.3
8.4
18.7
30.5
29.5
87.6
7.6
17.5
27.1
30.7
4.5
87.4
6.7
16.3
24.5
32.5
9.1
89.2
5.2
15.6
23.1
35.6
11.9
91.4
4.6
14.4
22.4
37.3
14.8
93.4
Connections in Millions
0
25
50
75
100
Dec
2012
Jun
2013
Dec
2013
Jun
2014*
Dec
2014
Jun
2015
Dec
2015
13
Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction (in thousands)
Downstream Speed
Upstream Speed
Less than 3
Mbps
At least 3
Mbps
and less
than 10
Mbps
At least 10
Mbps
and less
than 25
Mbps
At least 25
Mbps
and less
than 100
Mbps
At least 100
Mbps
Total
Less than 1 Mbps
4,177
8,890
2,904
4
#
15,975
At least 1 Mbps & Less than 3 Mbps
1,552
7,241
17,661
707
6
27,167
At least 3 Mbps
42
462
4,555
38,574
15,420
59,052
Total
5,771
16,593
25,119
39,285
15,426
102,194
Percentages
Less than 1 Mbps
4.1
8.7
2.8
0.0
0.0
15.6
At least 1 Mbps & Less than 3 Mbps
1.5
7.1
17.3
0.7
0.0
26.6
At least 3 Mbps
0.0
0.5
4.5
37.7
15.1
57.8
Total
5.6
16.2
24.6
38.4
15.1
100.0
Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Source: FCC Form 477.
Figure 9
Distribution of Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction
as of December 31, 2015
Note: Inner circle (light shading) represents upstream speeds.
Downstream Speed < 3 Mbps; 5.6% >= 3 Mbps & < 10 Mbps; 16.2% >= 10 Mbps & < 25 Mbps; 24.6%
>= 25 Mbps & < 100 Mbps; 38.4 >= 100 Mbps; 15.1%
< 1 Mbps
4.1%
>= 1 Mbps & < 3 Mbps
1.5%
< 1 Mbps
8.7%
>= 1 Mbps & < 3 Mbps
7.1%
>= 3 Mbps
0.5%
>= 1 Mbps & < 3 Mbps
17.3%
>= 3 Mbps
4.5%
< 1 Mbps
2.8%
>= 3 Mbps
37.7%
>= 1 Mbps & < 3 Mbps
0.7%
>= 3 Mbps
15.1%
14
Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction (in thousands)
Downstream Speed
Upstream Speed
Less than 3
Mbps
At least 3
Mbps
and less
than 10
Mbps
At least 10
Mbps
and less
than 25
Mbps
At least 25
Mbps
and less
than 100
Mbps
At least 100
Mbps
Total
Less than 1 Mbps
3,452
7,322
2,713
3
#
13,490
At least 1 Mbps & Less than 3 Mbps
1,084
6,765
16,349
663
1
24,862
At least 3 Mbps
39
270
3,313
36,612
14,841
55,076
Total
4,575
14,358
22,375
37,278
14,842
93,428
Percentages
Less than 1 Mbps
3.7
7.8
2.9
0.0
0.0
14.4
At least 1 Mbps & Less than 3 Mbps
1.2
7.2
17.5
0.7
0.0
26.6
At least 3 Mbps
0.0
0.3
3.5
39.2
15.9
59.0
Total
4.9
15.4
23.9
39.9
15.9
100.0
Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Source: FCC Form 477.
Figure 10
Distribution of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction
as of December 31, 2015
Note: Inner circle (light shading) represents upstream speeds.
Downstream Speed < 3 Mbps; 4.9% >= 3 Mbps & < 10 Mbps; 15.4% >= 10 Mbps & < 25 Mbps; 23.9%
>= 25 Mbps & < 100 Mbps; 39.9 >= 100 Mbps; 15.9%
< 1 Mbps
3.7%
>= 1 Mbps & < 3 Mbps
1.2%
< 1 Mbps
7.8%
>= 1 Mbps & < 3 Mbps
7.2%
>= 3 Mbps
0.3%
>= 1 Mbps & < 3 Mbps
17.5%
>= 3 Mbps
3.5%
< 1 Mbps
2.9%
>= 3 Mbps
39.2%
>= 1 Mbps & < 3 Mbps
0.7%
>= 3 Mbps
15.9%
15
Figure 11
Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2011-2015
(In thousands)
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Technology
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun*
Dec
Jun
Dec
Total
230,201
243,359
262,564
284,692
293,397
311,284
321,305
342,096
355,212
Total Fixed
88,317
89,945
92,511
93,986
96,032
95,998
97,810
100,134
102,194
aDSL
31,330
31,173
30,974
30,657
30,690
29,873
28,527
29,341
28,134
sDSL
148
139
132
117
108
96
85
75
60
Other Wireline
1
795
770
796
769
772
792
723
682
693
Cable Modem
48,263
49,664
51,646
52,760
54,009
54,011
56,301
57,243
59,696
FTTP
2
5,898
6,300
6,733
7,250
7,745
8,326
9,180
9,687
10,492
Satellite
1,190
1,217
1,454
1,623
1,849
1,964
2,006
2,058
2,071
Fixed Wireless
693
682
777
810
858
935
988
1,049
1,049
Mobile Wireless
141,883
153,414
170,053
190,706
197,365
215,286
223,495
241,962
253,017
1
Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of
Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements.
2
Fiber to the premises.
* The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes).
The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). Some previously-published
data may have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Figure 12
Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2015
aDSL
7.9%
FTTP
3.0%
Cable Modem
16.8%
Mobile Wireless
71.2%
All Other
1.1%
16
Figure 13
Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2011-2015
(In thousands)
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Technology
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun*
Dec
Jun
Dec
Total
186,516
196,665
215,817
235,273
246,797
264,343
273,950
292,279
303,653
Total Fixed
80,706
82,217
84,392
85,277
87,599
87,360
89,196
91,419
93,428
aDSL
27,758
27,632
27,391
26,869
27,248
26,678
25,603
26,154
25,139
sDSL
54
49
50
43
39
30
22
17
16
Other Wireline
1
40
14
34
22
22
57
59
52
54
Cable Modem
45,832
47,033
48,716
49,494
50,709
50,389
52,467
53,543
55,798
FTTP
2
5,521
5,892
6,270
6,732
7,176
7,617
8,368
8,841
9,592
Satellite
886
998
1,242
1,407
1,643
1,760
1,803
1,875
1,891
Fixed Wireless
616
600
689
710
763
829
874
937
939
Mobile Wireless
105,810
114,448
131,425
149,996
159,197
176,983
184,754
200,859
210,224
1
Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of
Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements.
2
Fiber to the premises.
* The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes).
The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). Some previously-published
data may have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Figure 14
Residential Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2015
aDSL
8.3%
FTTP
3.2%
Cable Modem
18.4%
Mobile Wireless
69.2%
All Other
1.0%
17
Figure 15
Fixed Connections at Least 3 Mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology 2011-2015
(In thousands)
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Technology
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun*
Dec
Jun
Dec
Total
51,097
57,243
64,657
68,673
78,175
78,981
83,872
88,985
92,330
aDSL
10,351
12,875
13,108
14,233
18,540
17,246
18,557
20,939
20,743
sDSL
26
30
33
34
36
33
28
24
20
Other Wireline
1
228
239
276
284
308
310
308
296
330
Cable Modem
34,699
37,798
44,133
46,014
50,236
51,304
53,853
55,807
58,409
FTTP
2
5,606
6,001
6,430
6,981
7,486
8,111
8,974
9,551
10,377
Satellite
#
87
394
791
1,181
1,424
1,558
1,690
1,744
Fixed Wireless
186
214
284
337
388
553
594
677
707
1
Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form
477 technology categories and other reporting requirements.
2
Fiber to the premises.
* The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes).
# = Rounds to zero.
The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). Some previously-published
data may have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Figure 16
Residential Fixed Connections at Least 3 Mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology 2011-2015
(In thousands)
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Technology
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun*
Dec
Jun
Dec
Total
47,427
53,070
59,914
63,342
72,476
73,042
77,540
82,300
85,429
aDSL
9,274
11,563
11,669
12,666
16,715
15,673
16,867
18,985
18,865
sDSL
12
12
13
13
13
7
2
1
2
Other Wireline
1
16
7
20
21
20
45
50
45
47
Cable Modem
32,693
35,583
41,561
43,061
47,258
47,924
50,308
52,241
54,646
FTTP
2
5,271
5,632
6,012
6,504
6,958
7,491
8,246
8,750
9,513
Satellite
#
86
393
788
1,177
1,419
1,552
1,682
1,734
Fixed Wireless
161
185
245
289
335
483
516
596
623
1
Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form
477 technology categories and other reporting requirements.
2
Fiber to the premises.
* The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes).
# = Rounds to zero.
The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). Some previously-published
data may have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
18
Figure 17
Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2014-2015
(In thousands)
2014
2015
Technology
Jun*
Dec
Jun
Dec
Total
63,849
68,009
72,691
76,923
aDSL
7,573
8,310
9,463
9,799
sDSL
9
6
8
8
Other Wireline
1
169
183
182
203
Cable Modem
47,296
49,839
52,646
55,702
FTTP
2
7,615
8,341
8,873
9,569
Satellite
1,016
1,137
1,298
1,393
Fixed Wireless
170
192
220
250
1
Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of
Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements.
2
Fiber to the premises.
* The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes).
# = Rounds to zero.
The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes).
Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Figure 18
Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream
by Technology as of December 31, 2015
aDSL
12.7%
FTTP
12.4%
Cable Modem
72.4%
All Other
2.4%
19
Figure 19
Residential Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream by Technology in 2015
(In thousands)
2014
2015
Technology
Jun*
Dec
Jun
Dec
Total
59,751
63,522
67,881
71,779
aDSL
7,035
7,741
8,740
9,069
sDSL
3
#
#
1
Other Wireline
1
33
36
38
43
Cable Modem
44,480
46,767
49,475
52,291
FTTP
2
7,044
7,679
8,144
8,776
Satellite
1,014
1,133
1,293
1,386
Fixed Wireless
142
166
190
212
1
Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of
Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements.
2
Fiber to the premises.
* The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes).
# = Rounds to zero.
The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes).
Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Figure 20
Residential Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream
by Technology as of December 31, 2015
aDSL
12.6%
FTTP
12.2%
Cable Modem
72.8%
All Other
2.3%
20
Figure 21
Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2014-2015
(In thousands)
2014
2015
Technology
Jun*
Dec
Jun
Dec
Total
35,927
42,390
48,449
53,994
aDSL
420
598
761
938
sDSL
2
2
1
2
Other Wireline
1
114
125
125
141
Cable Modem
30,769
36,095
40,646
45,170
FTTP
2
4,603
5,542
6,870
7,685
Satellite
#
#
#
2
Fixed Wireless
19
28
47
55
1
Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of
Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements.
2
Fiber to the premises.
* The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes).
# = Rounds to zero.
The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes).
Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Figure 22
Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream
by Technology as of December 31, 2015
FTTP
14.2%
Cable Modem
83.7%
All Other
2.1%
21
Figure 23
Residential Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by Technology in 2015
(In thousands)
2014
2015
Technology
Jun*
Dec
Jun
Dec
Total
34,439
40,595
46,198
51,454
aDSL
397
566
727
897
sDSL
#
#
#
1
Other Wireline
1
22
26
26
31
Cable Modem
29,806
34,914
39,083
43,388
FTTP
2
4,201
5,068
6,323
7,089
Satellite
0
0
0
2
Fixed Wireless
14
22
40
45
1
Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of
Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements.
2
Fiber to the premises.
* The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes).
# = Rounds to zero.
The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes).
Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Figure 24
Residential Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream
by Technology as of December 31, 2015
FTTP
13.8%
Cable Modem
84.3%
All Other
1.9%
22
Figure 25
Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2011-2015
(Shares of selected technologies)
data may have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). Some previously-published
* The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes).
aDSL Cable Modem FTTP All Other Fixed
56.8
6.8
34.4
57.7
7.4
32.5
57.9
2.8
8.2
31.1
58.8
3.1
9.4
28.7
59.7
3.1
10.3
26.9
57.2
7.2
33.6
58.0
7.9
31.5
57.7
3.1
8.7
30.5
58.6
3.2
9.7
28.6
Percentage of Residential Fixed Connections
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Dec
2011
Jun
2012
Dec
2012
Jun
2013
Dec
2013
Jun
2014*
Dec
2014
Jun
2015
Dec
2015
Connections in Thousands
-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Dec 2011 to
Dec 2012
Dec 2012 to
Dec 2013
Dec 2013 to
Dec 2014
Dec 2014 to
Dec 2015
Figure 26
Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2011-2015
(Net adds for selected technologies)
aDSL Cable Modem FTTP
-367
-143
-1645
-464
2884
1993
1759
3331
748
907
1192
1224
23
Figure 27
Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2015
(Shares of selected technologies for selected speeds, connections in thousands)
aDSL Cable Modem FTTP All Other Fixed
26.9
59.7
10.3
3.1
22.1
64.0
11.1
2.8
12.6
72.8
12.2
2.3
84.3
13.8
94.5
5.2
Estimated Percentage of Households
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Over 200 kbps in at
least one direction
At least 3 Mbps
downstream and at least
768 kbps upstream
At least 10 Mbps
downstream and at least
1 Mbps upstream
At least 25 Mbps
downstream and at least
3 Mbps upstream
At least 100 Mbps
downstream and at least
10 Mbps upstream
Connections 93,428 85,429 71,779 51,454 13,313
24
Figure 28
Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed Tier and Technology as of December 31, 2015
(In thousands)
Downstream Speed
Technology
Less than
1.5 Mbps
At least 1.5
Mbps
and less than
3 Mbps
At least 3 Mbps
and less than
10 Mbps
At least 10 Mbps
and less than
25 Mbps
At least 25 Mbps
and less than
100 Mbps
At least 100
Mbps
Total
aDSL
1,422
2,455
11,987
11,169
1,093
7
28,134
sDSL
27
13
12
5
*
*
60
Other Wireline
1
59
299
132
60
27
116
693
Cable Modem
142
688
3,014
10,160
31,282
14,410
59,696
FTTP
39
44
555
2,139
6,841
875
10,492
Satellite
251
43
385
1,390
*
*
2,071
Fixed Wireless
121
167
509
196
37
17
1,049
Total
2,061
3,710
16,593
25,119
39,285
15,426
102,194
Percentages
aDSL
1.4
2.4
11.7
10.9
1.1
0.0
27.5
sDSL
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
*
*
0.1
Other Wireline
1
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.7
Cable Modem
0.1
0.7
2.9
9.9
30.6
14.1
58.4
FTTP
0.0
0.0
0.5
2.1
6.7
0.9
10.3
Satellite
0.2
0.0
0.4
1.4
*
*
2.0
Fixed Wireless
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.0
0.0
1.0
Total
2.0
3.6
16.2
24.6
38.4
15.1
100.0
1
Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories
and other reporting requirements.
# = Rounds to Zero.
* = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality.
Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Source: FCC Form 477.
25
Figure 29
Residential Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed Tier and Technology as of December 31, 2015
(In thousands)
Downstream Speed
Technology
Less than
1.5 Mbps
At least 1.5
Mbps
and less than
3 Mbps
At least 3 Mbps
and less than
10 Mbps
At least 10 Mbps
and less than
25 Mbps
At least 25 Mbps
and less than
100 Mbps
At least 100
Mbps
Total
aDSL
1,290
2,052
10,415
10,347
1,032
3
25,139
sDSL
12
2
1
#
*
*
16
Other Wireline
1
1
3
6
12
8
24
54
Cable Modem
135
640
2,615
8,520
29,782
14,107
55,798
FTTP
20
31
482
1,944
6,419
696
9,592
Satellite
106
19
379
1,384
*
*
1,891
Fixed Wireless
110
156
460
167
33
12
939
Total
1,674
2,902
14,358
22,375
37,278
14,842
93,428
Percentages
aDSL
1.4
2.2
11.1
11.1
1.1
0.0
26.9
sDSL
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
*
*
0.0
Other Wireline
1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
Cable Modem
0.1
0.7
2.8
9.1
31.9
15.1
59.7
FTTP
0.0
0.0
0.5
2.1
6.9
0.7
10.3
Satellite
0.1
0.0
0.4
1.5
*
*
2.0
Fixed Wireless
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.0
0.0
1.0
Total
1.8
3.1
15.4
23.9
39.9
15.9
100.0
1
Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories
and other reporting requirements.
# = Rounds to Zero.
* = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality.
Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Source: FCC Form 477.
26
Figure 30
Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction
by Technology 2011-2015
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Technology
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun
Dec
Jun+
Dec
Jun
Dec
aDSL
867
860
865
852
851
794
792
790
776
sDSL
255
251
255
246
239
195
191
177
182
Other Wireline
1
274
258
262
246
245
270
245
239
250
Cable Modem
405
401
404
403
407
394
402
391
390
FTTP
621
642
666
692
744
878
906
929
984
Satellite
6
5
6
5
5
18
16
11
11
Fixed Wireless
713
713
765
771
825
870
916
943
969
Mobile Wireless
69
67
70
79
77
91
98
100
97
Power Line and Other
1
5
*
*
0
*
-
-
-
-
Total
1,687
1,673
1,722
1,714
1,773
1,813
1,865
1,874
1,901
1
For this Figure, the categories Power Line and All Other were combined with Other Wireline from June 2014 forward.
+ The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes).
Multiple Form 477 filers within a holding company structure count as one provider. * = 1-3 providers.
The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). Some previously-published
data may have been revised.
Figure 31
Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction
Selected Technologies 2011-2015
aDSL Cable Modem FTTP Mobile Wireless
Number of Providers
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Dec
2011
Jun
2012
Dec
2012
Jun
2013
Dec
2013
Jun
2014
Dec
2014
Jun
2015
Dec
2015
27
SECTION 3
SUMMARY STATISTICS: THE STATES
Table of Contents
Figure 32 Residential Fixed Connections and Households by State
as of December 31, 2015 ......................................................................................... 29
Figure 33 Connections by Type of End User by State as of December 31, 2015 .................... 31
Figure 34 Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2015 ............................. 32
Figure 35 Percentage of Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed by State as of
December 31, 2015 .................................................................................................. 34
Figure 36 Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2015 ......... 36
28
Figure 32
Residential Fixed Connections and Households by State as of December 31, 2015
(Connections and households, in thousands)
At least 200 kbps in
at least One Direction
At least 10 Mbps Down
and 1 Mbps Up
At least 25 Mbps Down
and 3 Mbps Up
At least 100 Mbps Down
and 10 Mbps Up
State
Households
Connections
Subscribership
Ratio
Connections
Subscribership
Ratio
Connections
Subscribership
Ratio
Connections
Subscribership
Ratio
Alabama
1,842
1,241
0.67
862
0.47
534
0.29
38
0.02
Alaska
252
202
0.80
135
0.54
*
*
*
*
American Samoa
10
*
*
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
Arizona
2,387
2,008
0.84
1,383
0.58
1,101
0.46
285
0.12
Arkansas
1,132
717
0.63
457
0.40
240
0.21
74
0.06
California
12,617
10,776
0.85
8,641
0.68
6,108
0.48
2,116
0.17
Colorado
1,998
1,771
0.89
1,183
0.59
1,099
0.55
*
*
Connecticut
1,356
1,161
0.86
992
0.73
789
0.58
211
0.16
Delaware
339
308
0.91
282
0.83
245
0.72
75
0.22
District of Columbia
267
228
0.85
198
0.74
186
0.70
*
*
Florida
7,218
6,577
0.91
5,389
0.75
3,790
0.53
817
0.11
Georgia
3,541
2,726
0.77
2,018
0.57
1,389
0.39
213
0.06
Guam
42
*
*
*
*
*
*
0
0.00
Hawaii
450
397
0.88
396
0.88
*
*
*
*
Idaho
585
459
0.78
223
0.38
164
0.28
9
0.02
Illinois
4,779
3,669
0.77
2,871
0.60
2,036
0.43
363
0.08
Indiana
2,492
1,828
0.73
1,304
0.52
825
0.33
138
0.06
Iowa
1,232
893
0.72
489
0.40
118
0.10
12
0.01
Kansas
1,112
851
0.77
606
0.54
360
0.32
128
0.12
Kentucky
1,702
1,203
0.71
769
0.45
274
0.16
19
0.01
Louisiana
1,719
1,189
0.69
895
0.52
577
0.34
122
0.07
Maine
553
460
0.83
318
0.57
109
0.20
*
*
Maryland
2,156
1,822
0.85
1,642
0.76
1,443
0.67
387
0.18
Massachusetts
2,538
2,232
0.88
2,026
0.80
1,875
0.74
608
0.24
Michigan
3,828
2,831
0.74
2,231
0.58
1,667
0.44
190
0.05
Minnesota
2,115
1,658
0.78
1,087
0.51
898
0.42
230
0.11
Mississippi
1,093
611
0.56
380
0.35
214
0.20
28
0.03
Missouri
2,361
1,702
0.72
1,170
0.50
700
0.30
173
0.07
Montana
408
314
0.77
173
0.42
*
*
#
0.00
Nebraska
731
550
0.75
357
0.49
239
0.33
34
0.05
29
Figure 32 - Continued
Residential Fixed Connections and Households by State as of December 31, 2015
(Connections and households, in thousands)
At least 200 kbps in
at least One Direction
At least 10 Mbps Down
and 1 Mbps Up
At least 25 Mbps Down
and 3 Mbps Up
At least 100 Mbps Down
and 10 Mbps Up
State
Households
Connections
Subscribership
Ratio
Connections
Subscribership
Ratio
Connections
Subscribership
Ratio
Connections
Subscribership
Ratio
Nevada
1,006
840
0.84
636
0.63
482
0.48
*
*
New Hampshire
520
465
0.89
381
0.73
299
0.58
*
*
New Jersey
3,188
2,839
0.89
2,620
0.82
2,489
0.78
579
0.18
New Mexico
765
536
0.70
261
0.34
234
0.31
79
0.10
New York
7,256
6,094
0.84
5,482
0.76
4,254
0.59
744
0.10
North Carolina
3,743
2,947
0.79
2,134
0.57
1,259
0.34
580
0.16
North Dakota
293
232
0.79
183
0.63
132
0.45
17
0.06
Northern Mariana Isl
16
*
*
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
Ohio
4,570
3,537
0.77
2,544
0.56
1,055
0.23
47
0.01
Oklahoma
1,450
978
0.67
669
0.46
393
0.27
91
0.06
Oregon
1,523
1,257
0.83
910
0.60
775
0.51
*
*
Pennsylvania
4,958
3,899
0.79
2,987
0.60
2,612
0.53
775
0.16
Puerto Rico
1,241
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Rhode Island
410
342
0.84
327
0.80
*
*
*
*
South Carolina
1,796
1,357
0.76
1,034
0.58
499
0.28
26
0.01
South Dakota
327
247
0.76
197
0.60
141
0.43
14
0.04
Tennessee
2,487
1,736
0.70
1,363
0.55
1,021
0.41
167
0.07
Texas
9,014
6,874
0.76
5,296
0.59
3,138
0.35
1,390
0.15
Utah
896
775
0.86
490
0.55
427
0.48
167
0.19
Vermont
257
231
0.90
153
0.60
123
0.48
47
0.18
Virgin Islands
43
*
*
*
*
*
*
0
0.00
Virginia
3,042
2,456
0.81
2,059
0.68
1,725
0.57
391
0.13
Washington
2,645
2,291
0.87
1,666
0.63
1,511
0.57
*
*
West Virginia
742
510
0.69
335
0.45
275
0.37
*
*
Wisconsin
2,293
1,756
0.77
1,268
0.55
668
0.29
12
0.01
Wyoming
226
176
0.78
114
0.51
96
0.42
#
0.00
Total
117,564
93,428
0.79
71,779
0.61
51,454
0.44
13,313
0.11
# = Rounds to Zero; * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality.
Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Sources: FCC Form 477 (Connections); 2010-2014 ACS 5-year estimates; Census 2010.
30
Figure 33
Connections by Type of End User by State as of December 31, 2015
(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands)
Connections
Percentages
State
Residential
Business
Residential
Business
Total
Alabama
4,341
560
88.6
11.4
4,901
Alaska
785
129
85.9
14.1
915
American Samoa
*
*
*
*
*
Arizona
6,007
946
86.4
13.6
6,952
Arkansas
2,619
364
87.8
12.2
2,983
California
37,458
6,860
84.5
15.5
44,318
Colorado
5,357
895
85.7
14.3
6,252
Connecticut
3,660
657
84.8
15.2
4,317
Delaware
1,055
155
87.2
12.8
1,210
District of Columbia
706
455
60.8
39.2
1,162
Florida
18,233
3,237
84.9
15.1
21,469
Georgia
9,061
1,506
85.7
14.3
10,567
Guam
105
23
82.2
17.8
128
Hawaii
1,485
196
88.3
11.7
1,682
Idaho
1,471
231
86.4
13.6
1,701
Illinois
12,311
2,153
85.1
14.9
14,464
Indiana
5,940
846
87.5
12.5
6,786
Iowa
2,826
479
85.5
14.5
3,304
Kansas
2,609
465
84.9
15.1
3,074
Kentucky
5,540
555
90.9
9.1
6,094
Louisiana
4,475
626
87.7
12.3
5,101
Maine
1,209
191
86.3
13.7
1,401
Maryland
5,823
1,000
85.3
14.7
6,823
Massachusetts
6,746
1,217
84.7
15.3
7,964
Michigan
8,555
1,699
83.4
16.6
10,255
Minnesota
5,217
927
84.9
15.1
6,144
Mississippi
2,668
285
90.4
9.6
2,953
Missouri
5,523
966
85.1
14.9
6,489
Montana
940
127
88.1
11.9
1,066
Nebraska
1,638
339
82.8
17.2
1,977
Nevada
2,665
382
87.5
12.5
3,047
New Hampshire
1,314
208
86.4
13.6
1,521
New Jersey
9,323
1,735
84.3
15.7
11,059
New Mexico
1,752
249
87.6
12.4
2,001
New York
19,078
3,425
84.8
15.2
22,503
North Carolina
9,267
1,499
86.1
13.9
10,765
North Dakota
723
126
85.1
14.9
849
Northern Mariana Isl
*
*
*
*
*
Ohio
10,864
1,743
86.2
13.8
12,607
Oklahoma
3,510
548
86.5
13.5
4,059
Oregon
3,850
638
85.8
14.2
4,488
Pennsylvania
11,908
1,889
86.3
13.7
13,797
Puerto Rico
3,028
266
91.9
8.1
3,293
Rhode Island
994
168
85.5
14.5
1,163
South Carolina
4,270
604
87.6
12.4
4,874
South Dakota
767
99
88.5
11.5
867
Tennessee
5,858
944
86.1
13.9
6,802
Texas
24,497
4,514
84.4
15.6
29,011
Utah
2,611
453
85.2
14.8
3,064
Vermont
605
117
83.8
16.2
722
Virgin Islands
96
15
86.6
13.4
111
Virginia
7,763
1,469
84.1
15.9
9,231
Washington
7,134
1,187
85.7
14.3
8,321
West Virginia
1,586
188
89.4
10.6
1,774
Wisconsin
5,178
913
85.0
15.0
6,090
Wyoming
581
77
88.3
11.7
659
Total
303,653
51,559
85.5
14.5
355,212
# = Rounds to Zero.
* = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality.
Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Source: FCC Form 477.
31
Figure 34
Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2015
(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands)
State
ADSL
SDSL
Other
Wireline
1
Cable
Modem
Fiber
Satellite
Fixed
Wireless
Mobile
Wireless
Total
Alabama
525
3
*
720
30
*
4
3,543
4,901
Alaska
76
#
3
*
3
*
7
677
915
American Samoa
0
0
0
*
*
0
*
*
*
Arizona
626
#
*
1,353
108
*
29
4,793
6,952
Arkansas
339
#
*
362
16
*
6
2,201
2,983
California
3,755
9
*
6,769
934
*
60
32,543
44,318
Colorado
589
#
*
1,084
150
*
58
4,315
6,252
Connecticut
*
#
4
891
8
*
*
3,044
4,317
Delaware
*
#
3
195
*
*
0
875
1,210
District of Columbia
42
1
7
*
*
*
*
897
1,162
Florida
1,836
#
*
4,558
625
*
14
14,303
21,469
Georgia
1,108
1
*
1,696
91
*
1
7,565
10,567
Guam
*
0
*
*
*
0
0
89
128
Hawaii
*
3
1
*
26
*
4
1,252
1,682
Idaho
203
#
*
193
44
*
45
1,200
1,701
Illinois
1,342
2
*
2,459
54
*
65
10,464
14,464
Indiana
717
1
*
1,013
147
*
41
4,805
6,786
Iowa
340
1
*
444
130
*
31
2,325
3,304
Kansas
268
#
*
489
110
*
36
2,144
3,074
Kentucky
464
#
*
704
67
*
17
4,783
6,094
Louisiana
426
#
*
744
59
*
6
3,799
5,101
Maine
130
2
*
354
7
*
4
892
1,401
Maryland
*
1
16
997
*
*
3
4,841
6,823
Massachusetts
*
1
19
1,712
*
*
2
5,523
7,964
Michigan
893
4
*
2,001
17
*
49
7,174
10,255
Minnesota
577
4
*
1,006
146
*
27
4,340
6,144
Mississippi
320
*
2
293
6
*
2
2,270
2,953
Missouri
782
#
*
822
124
*
33
4,640
6,489
Montana
112
1
*
181
19
*
22
715
1,066
Nebraska
163
#
*
367
42
*
20
1,373
1,977
32
Figure 34 - Continued
Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2015
(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands)
State
ADSL
SDSL
Other
Wireline
1
Cable
Modem
Fiber
Satellite
Fixed
Wireless
Mobile
Wireless
Total
Nevada
249
#
6
*
9
*
13
2,130
3,047
New Hampshire
87
1
*
399
21
*
#
1,001
1,521
New Jersey
237
1
27
1,953
*
*
#
7,922
11,059
New Mexico
278
#
*
247
26
*
19
1,413
2,001
New York
577
3
38
4,607
*
*
5
15,750
22,503
North Carolina
1,004
#
*
2,035
96
*
4
7,548
10,765
North Dakota
59
1
*
129
63
*
5
588
849
Northern Mariana Isl
*
0
*
*
*
0
*
*
*
Ohio
1,172
1
*
2,419
131
*
39
8,776
12,607
Oklahoma
381
#
*
556
31
*
38
2,986
4,059
Oregon
325
1
*
842
145
*
21
3,115
4,488
Pennsylvania
777
1
23
2,560
*
*
4
9,531
13,797
Puerto Rico
*
0
*
*
7
*
2
2,604
3,293
Rhode Island
*
#
2
*
*
*
*
788
1,163
South Carolina
473
#
*
879
73
*
3
3,397
4,874
South Dakota
55
*
#
154
46
*
13
593
867
Tennessee
571
3
*
1,083
160
*
8
4,894
6,802
Texas
2,799
1
*
3,522
741
*
128
21,533
29,011
Utah
231
#
*
420
123
*
58
2,222
3,064
Vermont
119
*
3
132
18
*
1
443
722
Virgin Islands
*
0
*
*
*
*
*
86
111
Virginia
373
1
*
1,377
816
*
15
6,539
9,231
Washington
548
1
*
1,660
181
*
23
5,839
8,321
West Virginia
*
*
1
319
9
*
2
1,220
1,774
Wisconsin
657
6
*
1,089
61
*
37
4,184
6,090
Wyoming
54
1
*
104
8
*
18
461
659
Total
28,134
60
693
59,696
10,492
2,071
1,049
253,017
355,212
1
PowerLine and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and
other reporting requirements.
# = Rounds to Zero.
* = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality.
Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Source: FCC Form 477.
33
Figure 35
Percentage of Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed by State as of December 31, 2015
Over 200 kbps Upstream and
State
% over 200 kbps
Downstream
% at least 3 Mbps
Downstream
% at least 10 Mbps
Downstream
% at least 25 Mbps
Downstream
% at least 100 Mbps
Downstream
Alabama
99.0
91.5
71.5
43.3
4.5
Alaska
96.5
82.4
64.5
30.2
12.2
American Samoa
*
*
*
*
*
Arizona
99.6
95.2
81.0
53.2
17.8
Arkansas
98.9
90.2
66.7
34.0
14.9
California
99.6
95.6
77.9
54.0
18.9
Colorado
99.7
93.3
81.0
59.1
24.8
Connecticut
99.1
98.5
84.0
65.9
17.3
Delaware
99.7
97.5
90.2
78.4
23.2
District of Columbia
99.8
96.2
83.5
76.4
26.3
Florida
99.4
95.6
84.5
56.4
12.2
Georgia
98.8
93.5
74.1
49.9
7.6
Guam
*
*
*
*
*
Hawaii
100.0
99.7
99.3
89.1
76.3
Idaho
99.3
91.2
64.3
35.0
24.6
Illinois
99.5
96.1
77.4
54.3
12.3
Indiana
99.1
94.6
72.3
43.9
7.3
Iowa
99.4
90.0
63.7
26.8
3.2
Kansas
99.6
93.4
71.6
40.4
15.4
Kentucky
98.6
89.1
63.8
22.2
1.6
Louisiana
98.9
92.6
74.6
47.2
13.5
Maine
98.5
90.0
67.2
22.5
1.7
Maryland
99.7
97.0
88.2
76.7
20.3
Massachusetts
99.8
97.2
89.2
81.0
25.8
Michigan
99.1
95.8
78.0
56.6
6.6
Minnesota
99.5
93.0
75.2
54.2
13.4
Mississippi
98.4
89.4
62.7
33.9
14.0
Missouri
99.2
92.1
72.7
41.9
30.5
Montana
99.3
85.8
60.3
48.9
0.3
Nebraska
99.5
93.5
69.0
41.8
7.2
34
Figure 35 - Continued
Percentage of Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed by State as of December 31, 2015
Over 200 kbps Upstream and
State
% over 200 kbps
Downstream
% at least 3 Mbps
Downstream
% at least 10 Mbps
Downstream
% at least 25 Mbps
Downstream
% at least 100 Mbps
Downstream
Nevada
99.8
96.8
83.2
56.6
10.8
New Hampshire
98.8
93.8
79.8
60.5
24.0
New Jersey
99.7
97.6
91.3
85.0
19.5
New Mexico
99.5
89.1
65.8
41.4
15.9
New York
99.6
96.7
87.8
67.6
12.0
North Carolina
99.2
92.3
76.0
41.0
19.0
North Dakota
99.8
95.3
80.3
57.5
14.1
Northern Mariana Isl
*
*
*
*
*
Ohio
99.5
92.2
72.0
28.7
1.4
Oklahoma
99.4
94.3
67.9
38.8
14.0
Oregon
99.5
93.4
79.4
60.3
20.4
Pennsylvania
99.5
94.5
77.8
65.1
18.9
Puerto Rico
99.9
68.6
36.5
7.2
0.4
Rhode Island
99.6
98.3
93.2
78.0
9.9
South Carolina
99.2
92.8
76.2
36.5
2.3
South Dakota
99.5
93.9
81.4
57.5
6.9
Tennessee
99.0
94.5
78.8
56.8
9.7
Texas
99.6
94.8
76.1
43.8
20.7
Utah
99.8
94.9
76.1
53.0
20.5
Vermont
98.1
83.8
62.4
46.7
17.2
Virgin Islands
99.9
81.8
23.0
*
*
Virginia
99.4
95.6
83.1
67.2
15.4
Washington
99.4
93.9
79.2
63.4
26.2
West Virginia
98.1
96.1
63.2
50.8
35.3
Wisconsin
98.8
91.5
74.6
37.3
1.1
Wyoming
99.3
88.4
70.2
52.6
0.7
Total
99.4
94.3
78.1
53.5
15.1
35
Figure 36
Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2015
(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands)
State
ADSL
SDSL
Other
Wireline
1
Cable
Modem
Fiber
Satellite
Fixed
Wireless
Mobile
Wireless
Total
Alabama
28
11
*
23
37
*
20
6
89
Alaska
14
4
13
*
9
*
12
7
36
American Samoa
0
0
0
*
*
0
*
*
*
Arizona
28
6
*
17
33
*
33
7
98
Arkansas
24
4
*
18
30
*
17
4
75
California
39
15
*
29
51
*
77
6
166
Colorado
40
9
*
16
49
*
51
10
129
Connecticut
*
8
19
10
19
*
*
4
45
Delaware
*
4
16
4
*
*
0
4
28
District of Columbia
7
6
19
*
*
*
*
4
44
Florida
30
13
*
25
46
*
30
5
109
Georgia
30
11
*
34
60
*
17
4
120
Guam
*
0
*
*
*
0
0
4
4
Hawaii
*
5
9
*
9
*
4
5
23
Idaho
25
7
*
15
29
*
33
9
78
Illinois
59
12
*
22
80
*
75
9
179
Indiana
41
8
*
14
52
*
50
5
112
Iowa
108
21
*
43
123
*
79
32
220
Kansas
33
13
*
27
55
*
44
9
110
Kentucky
23
8
*
29
45
*
27
7
101
Louisiana
19
4
*
18
28
*
13
5
65
Maine
16
8
*
8
18
*
6
5
40
Maryland
*
10
31
17
*
*
18
6
80
Massachusetts
*
10
29
12
*
*
17
4
68
Michigan
36
12
*
25
52
*
41
6
126
Minnesota
49
15
*
21
70
*
47
6
130
Mississippi
19
*
18
15
17
*
14
5
60
Missouri
41
13
*
22
52
*
61
8
143
Montana
25
9
*
9
27
*
27
5
63
Nebraska
33
4
*
22
45
*
36
8
92
36
Figure 36 - Continued
Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2015
(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands)
State
ADSL
SDSL
Other
Wireline
1
Cable
Modem
Fiber
Satellite
Fixed
Wireless
Mobile
Wireless
Total
Nevada
19
10
26
*
23
*
15
6
66
New Hampshire
15
10
*
7
19
*
4
5
43
New Jersey
20
8
34
11
*
*
8
4
65
New Mexico
25
6
*
11
23
*
24
9
68
New York
42
11
37
22
*
*
23
4
106
North Carolina
25
9
*
28
45
*
19
7
96
North Dakota
28
10
*
7
27
*
17
7
56
Northern Mariana Isl
*
0
*
*
*
0
*
*
*
Ohio
40
9
*
32
56
*
45
5
138
Oklahoma
37
8
*
12
36
*
38
11
101
Oregon
40
13
*
16
48
*
42
6
109
Pennsylvania
36
10
39
31
*
*
21
8
118
Puerto Rico
*
0
*
*
6
*
6
5
17
Rhode Island
*
6
11
*
*
*
*
4
27
South Carolina
19
4
*
17
26
*
11
6
55
South Dakota
26
*
14
7
29
*
25
8
75
Tennessee
26
11
*
25
40
*
24
7
99
Texas
67
21
*
42
93
*
119
11
235
Utah
20
9
*
12
23
*
29
8
77
Vermont
13
*
11
7
17
*
5
5
37
Virgin Islands
*
0
*
*
*
*
*
4
8
Virginia
31
12
*
22
45
*
31
7
107
Washington
31
10
*
27
50
*
54
6
122
West Virginia
*
*
17
16
15
*
12
7
56
Wisconsin
48
11
*
22
57
*
45
7
128
Wyoming
18
5
*
6
16
*
24
8
53
Total
776
182
250
390
984
11
969
97
1,901
1
Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements.
# = Rounds to Zero.
* = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality.
Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Source: FCC Form 477.
37
SECTION 4
SUMMARY STATISTICS: COUNTIES AND CENSUS TRACTS
Table of Contents
Figure 37 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps
in at Least One Direction to County Households as of December 31, 2015 ........... 39
Figure 38 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps
in at Least One Direction to County Households by Technology
as of December 31, 2015 ......................................................................................... 40
Figure 39 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200
kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households as of December 31, 2015 ...... 41
Figure 40 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over
200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households by Technology
as of December 31, 2015 ......................................................................................... 42
Figure 41 Percentage of Developed Census Blocks with Residential Fixed Connections by
Technology as of December 31, 2015 ..................................................................... 43
Figure 42 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County
Households by State as of December 31, 2015 ....................................................... 44
Figure 43 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract
Households by State as of December 31, 2015 ....................................................... 46
38
Figure 37
Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction
to County Households as of December 31, 2015
Sources: FCC Form 477; 2010-2014 ACS 5-year estimates; and Census 2010.
Note: Ratios over 1 were set to 1. See Technical Notes at the end of the report.
0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 Max
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
Percentage of Counties
Number of Counties 3,233
Median 0.66
Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households
5
1 1
4
9
17
52
64
145
205
254
342
445
460
381
263
204
164
116
101
39
Figure 38
Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction
to County Households by Technology as of December 31, 2015
Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households
Technology
Zero
Greater
than 0
and no
more
than 5%
Greater
than 5
and no
more
than
10%
Greater
than 10
and no
more
than
20%
Greater
than 20
and no
more
than
30%
Greater
than 30
and no
more
than
40%
Greater
than 40
and no
more
than
50%
Greater
than 50
and no
more
than
60%
Greater
than 60
and no
more
than
80%
Greater
than 80
and no
more
than
100%
100%
or more
aDSL
0.8
4.5
5.8
25.2
31.9
19.1
8.2
2.8
1.5
0.2
0.1
sDSL
86.5
13.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Other Wireline
89.1
10.6
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable Modem
12.5
7.1
7.1
16.1
14.9
14.3
11.4
10.1
5.5
0.6
0.2
FTTP
34.2
41.5
7.3
6.8
3.8
2.3
1.7
1.1
1.1
0.0
0.0
Satellite
0.9
62.6
24.4
10.4
1.5
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fixed Wireless
30.2
51.4
10.1
6.2
1.4
0.5
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Total
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.8
3.6
10.8
18.4
47.9
16.2
1.9
1
Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements.
Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Sources: FCC Form 477; 2010-2014 ACS 5-year estimates; and Census 2010.
40
Figure 39
Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction
to Tract Households as of December 31, 2015
Sources: FCC Form 477; 2010-2014 ACS 5-year estimates; and Census 2010.
Note: Ratios over 2 were set to 2. See Technical Notes at the end of the report.
0 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 Max
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Percentage of Tracts
Number of Tracts 73,767
Median 0.79
Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households
41
Figure 40
Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction
to Tract Households by Technology as of December 31, 2015
Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households
Technology
Zero
Greater
than 0
and no
more
than 5%
Greater
than 5
and no
more
than
10%
Greater
than 10
and no
more
than
20%
Greater
than 20
and no
more
than
30%
Greater
than 30
and no
more
than
40%
Greater
than 40
and no
more
than
50%
Greater
than 50
and no
more
than
60%
Greater
than 60
and no
more
than
80%
Greater
than 80
and no
more
than
100%
100%
or more
aDSL
1.5
14.6
11.6
25.3
21.6
14.3
6.8
2.6
1.3
0.2
0.2
sDSL
97.6
2.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Other Wireline
98.9
0.9
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable Modem
5.2
3.0
2.0
4.8
9.2
14.9
17.9
17.2
19.5
4.9
1.5
FTTP
58.6
16.9
3.5
4.9
3.5
3.9
3.8
2.6
1.8
0.2
0.1
Satellite
25.8
63.7
5.6
3.6
0.9
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fixed Wireless
76.9
18.0
2.4
1.8
0.6
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Total
0.8
0.1
0.1
0.5
1.1
2.7
5.5
9.1
31.8
38.3
9.8
1
Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements.
Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Sources: FCC Form 477; 2010-2014 ACS 5-year estimates; and Census 2010.
42
Figure 41
Percentage of Developed Census Blocks with Residential Fixed Service by Technology as of December 31, 2015
(Internet Access Service over 200 kbps in at least one direction)
Number of Providers
Technology
Zero
One
Two
Three
Four
Five
Six
Seven or
More
aDSL
25.8
69.7
4.3
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
sDSL
99.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Other Wireline
1
98.2
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cable Modem
34.4
61.7
3.6
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
FTTP
84.6
15.2
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Satellite
0.1
0.9
58.6
40.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fixed Wireless
61.4
24.9
9.2
3.9
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
aDSL and/or Cable Modem and/or FTTP
13.5
25.6
52.0
8.1
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
Any Technology
0.0
0.2
3.8
14.3
34.3
30.2
11.4
5.9
1
Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements.
Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. The number of providers in a census block does not necessarily reflect the number of choices available to a particular household, and does not
purport to measure competition. Providers may list a census block on Form 477 if service can be provided to at least one location in the block. Developed census blocks are those with housing units
based on the 2010 census.
Sources: FCC Form 477 and Census 2010.
43
Figure 42
Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households by State as of December 31, 2015
(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)
Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households
State
Counties
Zero
Greater
than 0 and
no more
than 5%
Greater
than 5 and
no more
than 10%
Greater
than 10 and
no more
than 20%
Greater
than 20 and
no more
than 30%
Greater
than 30 and
no more
than 40%
Greater
than 40 and
no more
than 50%
Greater
than 50 and
no more
than 60%
Greater
than 60 and
no more
than 80%
Greater
than 80 and
no more
than 100%
100% or
more
Alabama
67
0
0
0
0
1
3
17
22
20
4
0
Alaska
29
0
0
0
0
1
2
6
2
12
5
1
American Samoa
5
3
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Arizona
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
9
4
0
Arkansas
75
0
0
0
0
0
6
32
21
15
1
0
California
58
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
26
29
1
Colorado
64
0
0
0
0
1
1
4
6
21
21
10
Connecticut
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
7
0
Delaware
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
District of Columbia
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Florida
67
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
11
14
29
11
Georgia
159
0
0
0
1
3
15
26
40
42
29
3
Guam
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Hawaii
5
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
0
Idaho
44
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
7
29
6
1
Illinois
102
0
0
0
0
1
1
3
22
64
11
0
Indiana
92
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
21
59
9
0
Iowa
99
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
15
76
6
0
Kansas
105
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
19
69
11
0
Kentucky
120
0
0
0
0
1
3
14
36
60
6
0
Louisiana
64
0
0
0
0
1
6
14
12
27
4
0
Maine
16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
7
8
0
Maryland
24
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
9
11
1
Massachusetts
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
9
3
Michigan
83
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
12
55
10
1
Minnesota
87
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
4
65
15
0
Mississippi
82
0
0
0
2
7
22
30
9
12
0
0
Missouri
115
0
0
0
0
1
4
19
33
51
7
0
Montana
56
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
35
12
0
Nebraska
93
0
0
0
0
0
1
12
22
56
2
0
44
Figure 42 - Continued
Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households by State as of December 31, 2015
(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)
Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households
State
Counties
Zero
Greater
than 0 and
no more
than 5%
Greater
than 5 and
no more
than 10%
Greater
than 10 and
no more
than 20%
Greater
than 20 and
no more
than 30%
Greater
than 30 and
no more
than 40%
Greater
than 40 and
no more
than 50%
Greater
than 50 and
no more
than 60%
Greater
than 60 and
no more
than 80%
Greater
than 80 and
no more
than 100%
100% or
more
Nevada
17
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
4
8
3
0
New Hampshire
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
9
0
New Jersey
21
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
17
1
New Mexico
33
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
3
19
4
0
New York
62
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
38
19
2
North Carolina
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
17
56
18
5
North Dakota
53
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
4
36
9
2
Northern Mariana Isl
4
1
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
Ohio
88
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
10
58
17
0
Oklahoma
77
0
0
0
0
1
7
17
20
30
2
0
Oregon
36
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
21
11
1
Pennsylvania
67
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
43
15
1
Puerto Rico
78
0
0
0
0
3
15
28
28
4
0
0
Rhode Island
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
South Carolina
46
0
0
0
0
0
2
10
8
19
5
2
South Dakota
66
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
9
46
9
0
Tennessee
95
0
0
0
0
1
3
12
39
33
7
0
Texas
254
0
0
0
0
0
7
42
70
110
22
3
Utah
29
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
2
10
11
3
Vermont
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
8
2
Virgin Islands
3
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
Virginia
133
0
0
0
1
1
9
16
23
53
27
3
Washington
39
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
18
17
1
West Virginia
55
0
0
0
0
1
0
3
11
34
6
0
Wisconsin
72
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
53
16
0
Wyoming
23
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
15
3
2
Total
3,233
5
0
1
5
26
116
350
596
1549
525
60
Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report.
Sources: FCC Form 477; 2010-2014 ACS 5-year estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2010 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa,
Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands).
45
Figure 43
Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by State as of December 31, 2015
(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)
Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households
State
Tracts
Zero
Greater
than 0 and
no more
than 5%
Greater
than 5 and
no more
than 10%
Greater
than 10 and
no more
than 20%
Greater
than 20 and
no more
than 30%
Greater
than 30 and
no more
than 40%
Greater
than 40 and
no more
than 50%
Greater
than 50 and
no more
than 60%
Greater
than 60 and
no more
than 80%
Greater
than 80 and
no more
than 100%
100% or
more
Alabama
1,179
4
0
1
4
37
102
189
210
379
195
58
Alaska
167
2
0
0
1
7
5
6
11
54
70
11
American Samoa
18
4
6
2
3
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
Arizona
1,526
21
10
6
11
13
35
53
114
375
587
301
Arkansas
686
2
0
2
7
25
71
148
113
198
99
21
California
8,036
53
3
5
10
26
74
136
406
2,078
4,441
804
Colorado
1,249
14
0
0
1
1
8
12
55
330
611
217
Connecticut
829
2
0
0
0
0
6
6
46
184
491
94
Delaware
215
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
13
50
103
46
District of Columbia
179
3
0
0
0
0
1
3
14
61
64
33
Florida
4,199
39
0
0
4
4
33
99
208
944
1,804
1,064
Georgia
1,964
10
2
0
8
35
92
161
257
583
638
178
Guam
56
5
1
1
5
3
1
5
7
5
7
16
Hawaii
326
13
0
0
3
3
5
7
10
68
158
59
Idaho
298
1
0
0
0
4
2
7
21
148
95
20
Illinois
3,121
7
0
1
4
20
74
209
337
1,205
1,152
112
Indiana
1,508
5
2
0
2
8
31
115
258
654
370
63
Iowa
825
3
0
1
1
2
9
40
110
491
146
22
Kansas
770
11
0
0
1
3
12
43
119
317
216
48
Kentucky
1,115
9
2
2
13
18
43
85
211
421
262
49
Louisiana
1,136
11
0
1
2
27
78
136
182
406
252
41
Maine
351
0
0
0
2
3
2
1
14
144
143
42
Maryland
1,394
8
0
0
0
3
30
56
87
307
753
150
Massachusetts
1,471
13
0
1
1
1
3
9
40
333
914
156
Michigan
2,767
31
0
0
17
59
155
203
275
940
994
93
Minnesota
1,335
4
0
0
3
3
12
44
90
599
521
59
Mississippi
661
4
0
3
9
47
131
140
92
162
61
12
Missouri
1,393
5
0
0
6
15
69
153
204
465
399
77
Montana
271
2
1
0
1
0
2
7
32
120
89
17
Nebraska
532
3
0
0
0
0
3
34
70
259
118
45
46
Figure 43 - Continued
Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by State as of December 31, 2015
(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)
Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households
State
Tracts
Zero
Greater
than 0 and
no more
than 5%
Greater
than 5 and
no more
than 10%
Greater
than 10 and
no more
than 20%
Greater
than 20 and
no more
than 30%
Greater
than 30 and
no more
than 40%
Greater
than 40 and
no more
than 50%
Greater
than 50 and
no more
than 60%
Greater
than 60 and
no more
than 80%
Greater
than 80 and
no more
than 100%
100% or
more
Nevada
683
5
0
1
2
4
16
21
65
185
277
107
New Hampshire
294
2
0
0
0
0
1
1
3
51
192
44
New Jersey
2,004
10
0
0
0
2
6
8
31
461
1,201
285
New Mexico
499
1
5
0
9
12
13
54
69
190
126
20
New York
4,900
87
3
2
14
20
29
103
238
1,567
2,238
599
North Carolina
2,183
19
2
2
0
9
29
115
265
816
663
263
North Dakota
205
0
0
0
0
1
1
7
10
114
54
18
Northern Mariana Isl
22
2
0
0
1
5
7
5
1
1
0
0
Ohio
2,946
7
0
0
4
20
82
195
285
1,180
990
183
Oklahoma
1,046
1
3
0
15
35
72
153
167
325
212
63
Oregon
827
2
0
0
0
3
4
15
31
318
388
66
Pennsylvania
3,217
25
0
2
4
7
25
80
270
1,357
1,230
217
Puerto Rico
903
26
34
30
112
160
132
133
83
84
38
71
Rhode Island
241
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
81
142
15
South Carolina
1,097
10
0
0
2
17
49
113
161
357
274
114
South Dakota
222
0
0
1
0
1
3
6
19
126
55
11
Tennessee
1,497
22
1
1
7
31
92
161
254
523
323
82
Texas
5,253
38
0
0
26
97
246
571
747
1,515
1,441
572
Utah
588
4
2
3
1
0
6
3
16
147
322
84
Vermont
184
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
49
103
30
Virgin Islands
29
0
0
1
4
5
3
6
7
1
1
1
Virginia
1,895
24
0
0
5
24
73
102
170
435
807
255
Washington
1,446
3
1
0
2
7
10
22
37
362
825
177
West Virginia
484
0
1
1
5
11
16
41
80
216
86
27
Wisconsin
1,393
3
1
0
3
0
11
59
122
679
470
45
Wyoming
132
1
0
0
0
1
2
4
7
65
46
6
Total
73,767
584
80
70
335
841
2,018
4,087
6,745
23,487
28,257
7,263
Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report.
Sources: FCC Form 477; 2010-2014 ACS 5-year estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2010 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa,
Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands).
47
SECTION 5
CORRELATED RESULTS: DEMOGRAPHIC MEASURES
Table of Contents
Figure 44 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Income Deciles as of December 31, 2015 .. 49
Figure 45 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Density Deciles as of December 31, 2015 .. 50
Figure 46 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share of Population with a College Degree
(in Deciles) as of December 31, 2015 ..................................................................... 51
Figure 47 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Average Age of County Population
(in Deciles) as of December 31, 2015 ..................................................................... 52
Figure 48 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share of White Alone (in Deciles) as of
December 31, 2015 .................................................................................................. 53
Figure 49 Subscribership Ratios by Technology and Tract Household Density as of
December 31, 2015 .................................................................................................. 54
Figure 50 Average Subscribership Ratios by Income and Household Density as of
December 31, 2015 .................................................................................................. 55
48
Max
Q1
Q3
Median
Min
Figure 44
Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Income Deciles as of December 31, 2015
Sources: FCC Form 477; 2010-2014 ACS 5-year Estimates; Census 2010.
observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is any data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1.
but note also that + denotes the position of the average residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum
Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in the income decile. Some of the features are labeled,
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Subscribership Ratio
Lower Income Median Household Income by Decile Higher Income
Subscribership Ratio
Average 0.47
Median 0.47
0.56
0.56
0.60
0.60
0.62
0.63
0.66
0.66
0.67
0.67
0.69
0.69
0.71
0.72
0.76
0.77
0.84
0.87
49
Max
Q1
Q3
Median
Min
Figure 45
Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Density Deciles as of December 31, 2015
Sources: FCC Form 477; 2010-2014 ACS 5-year Estimates; Census 2010.
observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is any data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1.
but note also that + denotes the position of the average residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum
Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in the density decile. Some of the features are labeled,
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Subscribership Ratio
Lower Density County Household Density by Decile Higher Density
Subscribership Ratio
Average 0.65
Median 0.65
0.64
0.65
0.57
0.59
0.58
0.58
0.60
0.60
0.63
0.62
0.66
0.65
0.71
0.70
0.77
0.78
0.77
0.82
50
Max
Q1
Q3
Median
Min
Figure 46
Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share of Population with a College Degree (in Deciles) as of December 31, 2015
Sources: FCC Form 477; 2010-2014 ACS 5-year Estimates; Census 2010.
observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is a data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1.
but note also that + denotes the position of the average residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum
Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in the share decile. Some of the features are labeled,
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Subscribership Ratio
Lower Share County Share of College Graduates by Decile Higher Share
Subscribership Ratio
Average 0.50
Median 0.51
0.55
0.56
0.58
0.59
0.61
0.62
0.63
0.64
0.66
0.67
0.69
0.69
0.72
0.73
0.78
0.79
0.86
0.88
51
Max
Q1
Q3
Median
Min
Figure 47
Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Average Age of County Population (in Deciles) as of December 31, 2015
Sources: FCC Form 477; 2010-2014 ACS 5-year Estimates; Census 2010.
observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is a data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1.
but note also that + denotes the position of the average residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum
Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in the average age decile. Some of the features are labeled,
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Subscribership Ratio
Lower Average Age County Average Age by Decile Higher Average Age
Subscribership Ratio
Average 0.71
Median 0.74
0.71
0.73
0.65
0.65
0.63
0.63
0.63
0.63
0.63
0.64
0.62
0.63
0.63
0.63
0.66
0.66
0.70
0.68
52
Max
Q1
Q3
Median
Min
Figure 48
Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share White Alone (in Deciles) as of December 31, 2015
Sources: FCC Form 477; 2010-2014 ACS 5-year Estimates; Census 2010.
is a data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1.
residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and
deciles based on the share of the county population that reported their race as white alone. Some of the features are labeled, but note also that + denotes the position of the average
Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in each race decile. Counties were grouped into
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Subscribership Ratio
Lower Share County Share White Alone by Decile Higher Share
Subscribership Ratio
Average 0.55
Median 0.53
0.62
0.60
0.68
0.68
0.70
0.70
0.71
0.70
0.70
0.69
0.69
0.69
0.67
0.66
0.66
0.65
0.62
0.62
53
Lowest Density Highest Density
Figure 49
Subscribership Ratios by Technology and Tract Household Density as of December 31, 2015
(Residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)
Sources: FCC Form 477; 2010-2014 ACS 5-year estimates; and Census 2010.
connections to households across tracts in the percentile.
estimated tract households to tract land area from the Census Bureau. For each percentile, the height of the bar represents the household-weighted average ratio of residential fixed
This chart shows subscribership ratios by technology and household density. Tracts were grouped into 100 density percentiles based on households per square mile, calculated as the ratio of
aDSL Cable Modem FTTP Satellite Fixed Wireless
Percentage of Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
54
Richest
Poorest
Lowest Density
Highest Density
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Figure 50
Average Subscribership Ratios by Income and Household Density as of December 31, 2015
(Residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction by Tract)
Sources: FCC Form 477; 2010-2014 ACS 5-year estimates; and Census 2010.
residential fixed connections to households across tracts in the decile.
estimated tract households to tract land area, and median household income. For each quantile, the height of the grid represents the household-weighted average ratio of
This chart shows subscribership ratios by household density and income quantiles. Tracts were grouped into 400 density/income quantiles based on households per square mile, calculated as the ratio of
55
Technical Notes
General
The information presented in this report is based on data from FCC Form 477. Through Form 477,
facilities-based broadband providers submit information to the FCC about where they offer and have
subscribers to Internet access services over 200 kilobits per second (kbps) in at least one direction. In
June 2013, the Commission adopted several changes to Form 477.
1
Detailed information about those
changes and about the Form 477 reporting requirements in general is available at www.fcc.gov/form477.
Due to technical difficulties in 2014 with the redesigned Form 477 filing interface, the filing deadline for
Form 477 data as of June 30, 2014 was moved to December 11, 2014. Because of that delay, the
Commission staff were not able to perform their typical process of identifying anomalies or errors in the
data, following up with filers, and requesting updates to the data where appropriate – a process which
usually generates a significant number of corrections and hence a more accurate Form 477 data set.
Form 477 collects information about Internet access connections in service to end-user locations that are
advertised to deliver information to and/or from the end user – that is, in at least one direction – at transfer
rates (speeds) above 200 kilobits per second (kbps). Information is collected about the number of
connections by the advertised speeds associated with each product subscribed to in the relevant
geographic area, census tracts for fixed and states for mobile. Fixed providers report connections by the
maximum advertised upload and download speeds, while mobile providers report connections by
minimum advertised upload and download speeds. Fixed connections are further categorized by the
technology employed by the part of the connection that terminates at the end-user location. Wherever a
number of providers is cited in this report, multiple Form 477 filers within a holding company structure
count as one provider.
“End users” are residential, business, institutional, or government entities who use services for their own
purposes and who do not resell such services to other entities. Facilities-based providers report
information about connections they provide directly to their own end-user customers and also connections
that they provide to Internet Service Providers for resale to end users. For Form 477 purposes, the
facilities-based provider of a connection is the entity that owns the portion of the physical facility that
terminates at the end-user location, obtains an unbundled network element (UNE), special access line, or
other leased facility that terminates at the end-user location and provisions/equips it as a connection that
transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction, or provisions/equips a wireless
channel that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction to the end-user location
over licensed spectrum or over spectrum that the provider uses on an unlicensed basis.
The mutually exclusive Form 477 technology categories are: asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (aDSL
in this report), symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (sDSL), other copper wireline, cable modem, optical
carrier / fiber to the end user, satellite, terrestrial fixed wireless (using licensed or unlicensed spectrum),
mobile wireless, and all other (which is included to capture deployment of additional technologies over
time). In the Form 477 data collection, aDSL-based services delivered over fiber-to-the-node architecture
are reported in the aDSL category. The other wireline category comprises T1/DS1, T3/DS3, and other
1
Modernizing the FCC Form 477 Data Program, WC Docket No. 11-10, Report and Order, 28 FCC Rcd 9887
(2013). See also High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31, 2014 (March 2016) at 1-2,
available at https://www.fcc.gov/reports-research/reports/internet-access-services-reports/internet-access-services-
reports.
56
copper-based connections, not elsewhere categorized, that deliver Internet access service at the end-user
location. Ethernet connections delivering Internet access service are reported in the other wireline
category if the connection terminates over copper and in the FTTP category if the connection terminates
over fiber. Connections deployed over hybrid fiber-coax (HFC) architecture are reported in the cable
modem category. Wireless ISPs (WISPs) report in the fixed wireless category if providing service to
dispersed, fixed end-user locations and report in the mobile wireless category if providing a commercial
service that can be received at any location within a service footprint. Wireless local area networks (such
as Wi-Fi hotspots) that only enable local distribution and sharing of a premises connection are not
included, although the shared premises connection is included.
Numbers of connections presented in this report are not adjusted for the number of persons at a single
end-user location who have access to, or who use, the Internet access services delivered over the
connection to that location.
Numbers of residential connections are estimated based on the total connections and percentage-
residential connections information reported on Form 477.
Census tracts
Since the collection of data as of December 31, 2008, facilities-based providers of reportable fixed-
location Internet access connections have been reporting connection counts at the census tract level of
detail. Facilities-based mobile wireless providers report connection counts by state rather than census
tract.
The census tract-level data summarized in this report were collected for tracts in the 2010 decennial
census. For the purposes of this report, there are 73,767 census tracts because we exclude census tracts
delineated specifically to cover large bodies of water.
About 110 of the census tracts have population but no households because the population resides in group
living quarters. For the purpose of estimating residential subscribership rates by census tract, we assume
these census tracts have no reportable residential Internet access service because persons residing in
group quarters would have Internet access over a business connection provided to the operator of the
group quarters. Therefore, these census tracts are included in the “zero” column.
Ratios of residential fixed-location connections to households that exceed 100%
We estimate the share of households with fixed-location connections in individual census tracts by taking
the ratio of the reported number of fixed-location residential service connections to the estimated number
of households. We continue to find “outlier” estimates at or above 100% and to find that the number of
outliers is substantially reduced when estimates are made for individual counties rather than for individual
census tracts.
Possible explanations of ratios at or above 100% include (1) geocoding misallocations of service locations
to census tracts; (2) proper allocation of connections to the county level by some filers, but improper
allocation of all connections to a single tract in the county; (3) possible overestimation of residential
connections in service plans for which the customer base is primarily residential; and (4) connections at
seasonally or occasionally occupied housing units, such as vacation homes, while the household is
counted elsewhere. The numbers of households in census tracts that were used to generate the estimated
ratios are themselves estimates (from Census 2010-2014 ACS 5-year estimates), which could have an
57
independent effect.
Maps showing residential subscribership rates by census tract
The two maps based on estimated Internet access connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction per
1,000 households (that is, estimated household subscribership rates) exclude all connections identified as
business connections and necessarily exclude residential mobile wireless connections (which are reported
for the state but not for individual census tracts).
58
Glossary
Term
Definition
aDSL
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line: A digital local loop typically
using copper facilities and providing greater bandwidth in one direction
than the other.
Cable modem service
A service which offers customers access to the Internet over a cable
system.
Downstream speed
Speed of transmission from the Internet to the end user.
End users
Residential, business, institutional, or government entities who use
services for their own purposes and who do not resell such services to
other entities.
Facilities-based provider
Entity that owns the portion of the physical facility that terminates at the
end-user location, obtains an unbundled network element (UNE),
special access line, or other leased facility that terminates at the end-user
location and provisions/equips it as a connection that transfers
information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction, or
provisions/equips a wireless channel that transfers information at rates
over 200 kbps in at least one direction to the end-user location over
licensed spectrum or over spectrum that the provider uses on an
unlicensed basis.
Fixed wireless
A radio communication service between specified fixed points.
Fixed technologies
All technologies other than terrestrial mobile wireless.
FTTH or FTTP
Fiber to the Home (Premises): A network access architecture in which
optical fiber is deployed all the way to the customer’s home (premises).
Internet access service
Service that provides end users access to the Internet.
ISPs
Internet Service Providers: Companies or organizations that provide
Internet access service (see above).
Mobile wireless service
A radio communication service between mobile and fixed stations, or
between mobile stations.
Mobile wireless provider
Provider of mobile wireless service (see above).
Other wireline
All copper-wire based technologies other than DSL technologies;
Ethernet over copper and T-1 are examples.
Power line
Internet access service delivered over electric power transmission lines.
Satellite communications
A telecommunications service provided via one or more satellite relays
and their associated uplinks and downlinks.
sDSL
Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line: DSL technology that provides
equal bandwidth for both uploads and downloads.
Speed tiers
Sub-groupings defined by ranges of upstream speeds and downstream
speeds.
Upstream speed
Speed of transmission from the end user to the Internet.
Wi-Fi hotspot
Wireless Fidelity: Generic term referring to any type of IEEE 802.11
wireless network.
A hotspot is a small geographic area in which users
59
can gain access to a Wi-Fi network which in turn connects to the
Internet.
Wireless service
Telephone, Internet, data, and other services provided to customers
through the transmission of signals over networks of radio towers.
Wireless service provider
Provider of wireless service (see above).
WISP
Wireless ISP: A company that provides end users with wireless access
to the Internet, most commonly by using radio spectrum designated for
unlicensed use.
60
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